Seoul could also help boost Indian capacity to provide humanitarian aid and disaster relief (HADR) in the neighborhood. This could be gradually upscaled to broader marine governance initiatives in the littorals. Naval capacity building is a fourth area of India-ROK maritime cooperation. South Korean company Daewoo Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering’s response to the Indian Navy’s Expression of Interest (EoI) for six advanced conventional submarines under Project-75I (India) has already enthused Indian observers. India’s state-owned Hindustan Shipyard Limited will also cooperate with a shipyard nominated by South Korea on a joint shipbuilding project.
In February 2020, 10 South Korean companies attended Def-Expo 2020. Hanwha Defense, Korea Aerospace Industries, LIG, Hyundai Rotem and other Korean firms displayed their wares in a bid to attract potential buyers. Meanwhile, a joint India-South Korea task force set about identifying military systems and hardware to be produced in India with the participation of Korean defense industries. Indian experts say, efforts to jointly produce military hardware could would singularly energise the bilateral strategic partnership. South Korea’s Indo Pacific OutreachAs many Indian experts see it, South Korea’s outreach to countries in its South is driven by a desire to expand engagement with key states in Asia. While trade constitutes a significant component of bilateral collaboration – with South Korean companies rushing to move manufacturing outside China (following growing risks to business, rising labor costs and a pandemic induced stagnation) – Seoul has also been keen to explore strategic opportunities with India.
인도에서는 한국이 남아시아에서의 중국의 전략적 확장에 대해 반드시 악의적인 정치적 동기를 가졌다고 완전히 확신하지 않는 입장이라는 의견도 있다. 몇몇 남한 학자 및 정책 입안자의 시각에 의하면, 인도양에서의 중국의 경제적 이해가 커져감에 따라 그에 상응하는 지역 내 중국의 해군 주둔이 정당화된다. 한국이 환인도양에서의 중국의 영향력을 축소시키는 데 도움을 줄 수 있다는 인도 정부의 제안은 한국 정부로부터 회의적으로 받아들여진다. 분명히, 한국은 인도와 안보 관계를 발전시키고자 하는 열망이 있지만, 이는 중국의 힘을 억누르기 위함은 아니다. 한국 정부는 아시아에서의 ‘전략적 균형’을 추구하지만, 어떤 강국과의 갈등을 원하지는 않는다. 한국 정부는 바람직한 최종 상태의 달성을 위해 인도와 파트너십을 구축할 준비는 되어있지만, 연안 지역에서의 군사적으로 도발적인 움직임은 그만둘 것이다. 제약조건의 해결그럼에도, 인도와 한국은 계속해서 인도와 협력할 기회를 모색할 가능성이 크다.
” As he put it, the essential premise of a strengthened India-ROK partnership is a shared vision of progress in Asia, and a roadmap aimed at people, peace, prosperity and strategic balance. Prospects for a Maritime partnershipSouth Korea’s New Southern Policy reveals some areas where the bilateral maritime cooperation could further develop. These include shipbuilding (where India and the ROK already have an MoU in place), joint capacity building, maritime domain awareness, humanitarian assistance and disaster relief, search and rescue, marine pollution, anti-piracy, counter-terrorism and counter-trafficking, and combating marine pollution.
With a growing dependence on seaborne trade, both countries are demonstrating a shared commitment for freedom of navigation and unimpeded commerce in the open seas. Their advocacy of an open, inclusive, and free rules-based order underscores their shared need for a comprehensive security and economic architecture in the Indo-Pacific region.
New Delhi, too, recognizes the importance of South Korea as a bridge to East Asia. India’s political elite view Seoul as a key enabler of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s ‘Act-East’ strategy, aimed both at generating economic growth, and to ensure peace, stability and security in the Asia Pacific Region.
Operational cooperation, however, must be further expanded. Indian ship visit to South Korea have been intermittent. In June 2021, INS Kiltan, an Indian Navy warship carried out a military exercise with a South Korean vessel in the East China Sea. Two years earlier, Indian naval ships Kolkata and Shakti had visited Busan to participate in the ADMM-Plus Maritime Security Field Training Exercise (FTX) as part of deployment of the Eastern Fleet to the South China Sea. Seoul has appeared reluctant to overstretch its naval capacity in the Indian Ocean.
인도 선박의 한국 방문은 간헐적이었다. 2021년 6월, 인도 해군전함인 INS 킬탄 (Kiltan)은 동중국해에서 한국 선박과 군사훈련을 수행했다. 이로부터 2년 전, 인도 해군함정 콜카타 (Kolkata)와 샤크티 (Shakti)는 동부함대의 남중국해 배치의 일환으로 아세안 확대 국방장관회의 연합해상훈련 (ADMM-Plus Maritime Security Field Training Exercise)에 참여하기 위해 부산을 방문한 바 있었다. 한국 정부는 인도양에서 해군력을 과잉 확장시키는 것을 꺼리는 것으로 보인다. 2021년 1월, 이란이 페르시아 만에서 한국 유조선을 장악하자 호평 받는 해적 소탕 부대를 호르무즈 해협 (Strait of Hormuz)에 파견했다. 그러나 한국 전함은 인도양의 항구에 정박하는 것을 피해왔다 (한국 전함이 인도의 항구를 마지막으로 방문한 것은 2017년 1월이었다).
In a meeting with President Moon on the sidelines of the G-20 summit at Busan in June 2019, Mr. Modi reiterated the growing convergences between South Korea’s New Southern Policy and India’s Act East Policy – the search for a stable, secure and prosperous Indo-Pacific order. Recalling President Moon’s visit to India in 2018, Mr. Modi remarked that “the coordination of Indian and South Korean approaches in the region is deepening and strengthening the Special Strategic Partnership.
Given its differences with China, India has sought to upgrade its naval, coast guard, and air capabilities in mainland coastal and island territories, with a focus on Lakshadweep archipelago in India’s west and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the east. On both these groups of islands, South Korea could contribute significantly to capacity building. Another area of possible cooperation is maritime domain awareness (MDA). The Indian navy has also striven to boost its situational awareness in the maritime commons, establishing an Information Fusion Centre (IFC) for the Indian Ocean Region. Launched in 2018, the center processes radar and sensor data from participating countries and offers the data to partners, including all members of the Indian Ocean Rim Association. India has sought assistance of extra-regional players and could benefit from South Korean participation in the project. Seoul could start by posting a liaison officer to the IFC, but could also assist India with creating capacity in small Indian Ocean Island states.
인도 정부와 한국 정부는 경제와 안보에서부터 에너지와 테러방지에 이르는 다양한 쟁점분야에 걸친 탄탄하고 다차원적인 파트너십을 발전시켰다. 해상무역에 대한 의존도가 점점 증가함에 따라 양국은 공해에서의 항해 및 방해받지 않는 교역의 자유에 대한 공유된 결의를 보여주고 있다. 개방적이고 포용적이며, 자유로운 규범에 기반한 질서에 대한 양국의 옹호는 인도태평양 지역에서의 포괄적인 안보 및 경제 시스템에 대한 공유된 필요를 분명히 보여준다. 향상된 양국 관계의 주요한 원인은 물론 경제학이다. 인도와 한국간 교역 및 경제적 관계는 지난 10년간 의미 있게 성장해 왔는데, 연간 양자간 무역은 2018년(사상 최초로 200억 달러 수준을 넘기며) 215억 달러를 기록했다.
한국 정부는 IFC에 연락담당자를 파견함으로써 시작할 수도 있고, 인도양의 작은 섬나라의 역량을 향상시키는 데 인도에 도움을 제공할 수도 있다. 한국 정부는 또한 역내에서 인도주의적 지원 및 재난 구조 (humanitarian aid and disaster relief, HADR)를 제공하기 위한 인도의 역량을 신장시키는 데 도움을 줄 수 있다. 이는 점진적으로 보다 폭넓은 연안 지역의 해상 통치 계획으로 확대될 수 있다. 해군의 역량 향상은 인도-대한민국간 해양 협력의 네 번째 영역이다. 프로젝트-75I (인도) 아래, 첨단 재래식 잠수함 6척에 대한 인도 해군의 매입의향서 (Expression of Interest, EoI)에 관한 한국 기업 대우조선해양의 반응은 이미 인도 관찰자를 열광하게 만들었다. 인도의 국유기업인 힌두스탄 조선 (Hindustan Shipyard limited) 또한 공동 선박 건조 프로젝트에서 한국이 지명한 조선소와 협력할 것이다. 그러나 운영 협력은 더욱 더 확대되어야 한다.
Beyond the 3Cs (culture, connectivity and commerce), a perennial feature of India’s political outreach in its neighborhood, India would like to cooperate with South Korea in other strategic areas. With there being no areas of discord between the two countries, Seoul seems to be an ideal defence and security partner for New Delhi. As some see it, the Indian prime minister’s visit to Seoul in February 2019 was a reaffirmation of the ROK’s special place in India’s foreign policy matrix. The seven agreements signed during the visit, in areas such as infrastructure development, combating trans-border and international crime, attest to Seoul’s growing importance in India’s strategic calculus.
As part of a wider plan to bridge the gaps in diplomacy, strategic affairs, trade and cultural ties with neighboring countries, South Korea has prioritized ties with India, widely seen as the preeminent power in South Asia. New Delhi and Seoul have developed a robust, multi-dimensional partnership spanning a range of issue areas, from economics and security to energy and counterterrorism.
More recently, India and South Korea have agreed for joint production and export of military hardware, the enhancement of intelligence sharing and boost cooperation in cyber and space domains. India’s induction of South Korean military equipment has helped move the defence and security relationship along. In November 2019, the Indian Army inducted the K9 VAJRA-T 155mm/ 52, a tracked self-propelled howitzer, which has its roots in the K9 Thunder, the mainstay of the South Korean Army. Two years earlier, South Korean defence industry, Samsung-Techwin and India’s Larsen & Toubro had entered into an agreement for the sale of 100 howitzers.
인도에 대한 한국 투자 - 회사 및 비즈니스 기회 - Invest India
아시아 - 통계청